Biography of Nelson Rolihlala Mandela

Nelson Mandela Rolihlala was born 18th July 1918, in Qunu in Transkei. At age seven, he become the first in his family who came to the school, where a Methodist teacher gave him the English name "Nelson". His father, Henry Gadla Mphakanyiswa , died of a lung disease because Nelson was 9 years old while he attended a Wesleyan mission school at the royal palace. After Xhosa -custom, he was consecrated at the age of 16 years and began to walk on Clarkebury Boarding Institute (Clarkebury boarding school) where he learned about Western culture. He completed his Junior Certificate in two years against the usual three. As 19-year old in 1937, Mandela moved to Wesleyan College in Fort Beaufort which most royal of Thembu tribe went and took an interest in boxing and running. After being enrolled, he began an undergraduate degree at Fort Hare University, where he met Oliver Tambo, who became a friend and colleague for life. At the end of his first year he became involved in Students' Representative Council (Student Council) boycott of the university's rules and was asked to leave Fort Hare. He went to Johannesburg where he completed his undergraduate degree at the University of South Africa (UNISA) via correspondence and then began to study law at Wits University. As a young law student, Mandela became involved in political opposition to the white minority regime's denial of political, social and economic rights to the black majority. He joined the African National Congress (ANC) in 1942 and founded its more dynamic Youth League (Youth League) two years later together with Walter Sisulu , Oliver Tambo and others. After the Afrikaner -dominated National Party election victory in 1948 with an apartheid -program containing racial segregation , Mandela was a prominent figure in the ANC's Defiance Campaign (Despite Campaign) in 1952 and Congress of the People (People's Congress) in 1955 , whose adoption of the Freedom Charter, the anti-apartheid -the fundamental program. Although they initially supported a non-violent struggle and was acquitted in the marathon Treason Trial of one thousand nine hundred and fifty-six - 1961 , accepted Mandela and his colleagues the necessity of armed struggle after the shooting of unarmed protesters at Sharpeville in March 1960 and the subsequent banning of the ANC and other anti- apartheid groups. In 1961, Mandela became the leader of the ANC's armed wing Umkhonto we Sizwe ("Spear of the Nation, or MK). In August 1962 he was arrested and jailed for five years for illegal travel abroad and incitement to strike. In June 1964 he was convicted again, this time in life , for his involvement in planning armed struggle. He arrived as a prisoner number 466 the year 1964, and was therefore given prisoner number 46664 . After having refused to be freed in return for renouncing armed struggle (February 1985), Mandela remained in prison until February 1990 , when sustained ANC campaigning and international pressure led to his release on the 11th February at the behest of President FW de Klerk and the ending of the ban on the ANC. Mandela and de Klerk shared the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 . As president of the ANC (July 1991 - December 1997) and the first black president of South Africa (May 1994 - June 1999 ), Mandela presided over the transition from minority rule and apartheid, winning international respect for his advocacy of national and international reconciliation. Some radicals were disappointed with the social achievements of his reign, particularly the government's inefficiency in trying to impede the spread of AIDS. Mandela was also criticized for his close friendship with dictators like Cuba's Fidel Castro and Libya's Muammar Al Qadhafi , whom he called "brothers in arms". His decision to commit South African troops to defeat the 1998 coup in Lesotho is also a controversial topic. Mandela has been married three times. His first marriage to Evelyn Ntoko Mase ended in divorce in 1957 after 13 years and 2 children. He had a 38-year marriage to Winnie Madikizela , who he was separated (April 1992 ) and divorce (March 1996 ) from, among other things because of political disagreement. On his 80-year birthday, he married Graca Machel, widow of Samora Machel , the former president of Mozambique and the ANC's allies, who had been killed in a plane crash 15 years earlier. Privacy and the relationships between children, children children and wife from the third marriage has since been the subject of publicity. Supervisors Laden, the parties disagree on how to divide, and it meant that parts of the family boycotted Mandela's 90 birthday. When he retired in 1999 as president, Mandela became the spokesman for various social and human rights organizations. He received many foreign honors, among them the Order of St. John from Queen Elizabeth II and the Presidential Medal of Freedom by George W. Bush. He is one of only two persons of non-Indian origin (Mother Teresa being the other) who have received the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honor, 1990. In 2003, Mandela made some controversial speeches; he attacked the Bush administration's foreign policy. Later that year he supported the 46664 AIDS fundraising campaign, named after his prison number.

Panikoorka Medicine

Panikoorka is an Ayurvedic herb of South IndiaThe latin name of Panikoorka is also variable Plectranthus amboinicus and Coleus aromaticus refer to the same plant. It is used for the treatment of a variety of diseases, affected by bacteria, virus and other microbes. The leaves of Panikoorka have also had many medicinal uses, especially for the treatment of sore throats, nasal congestion and coughs. Panikoorkka is also an effective antidote for insect bites. Moreover Panikoorka also used in the treatment of different types of allergies, skin disorders and dandruff.

What is Kalaripayattu ?

Kalaripayattu is a martial art from the Kerala, the Indian state of Kerala. Kalaripayattu is practiced in South India especially Kerala and some parts of Karnataka. The term Kalaripayattu is derived from the two words. The word ‘Kalari’ means "The Place or The battle field or threshing floor and the word ‘Payattu’ means ‘practice or exercise in arms’. It is includes kicks, strikes, preset forms, grappling, healing methods and weaponry. Kalaripayattu is trained in an enclosure, called "Kalari", which is 42 feet by 21 feet. Moreover the entrance face of the Kalari is the east. In the west-south corner is a platform (seven-tiered). That Platform is called the ‘Poothara’. These seven steps of Kalari symbolise seven qualities each person requires. They include Channiga (The patience), Vigneswa (The Strength), Vishnu (The commanding power), Tadaaguru (The training), Kali (The expression), Vadugashcha (The posture) and Vakasta - purushu (The sound). Various Kalari styles as specified in Ballads of North Malabar. They are Kadathanatan kalari, Kodumala Kalari, Karuvancheri Kalari, Kurungot Kalari, Mayyazhi Kalari, Mathilur Kalari, Melur Kalari ,Panoor Madham Kalari, Nadapuram Kalari, Payyampalli Kalari, Puthusseri Kalari, Ponniyam Kalari, Puthuram Kalari, Thotuvor Kalari, Thacholi Kalari, Kolastri Nadu Kalari, Tulunadan Kalari. This art is reached its pinnacle of glory, during the hundred year’s war between the Cheras, Pandyas and Cholas in the early part of the 1st millennium. The states of warring refined the fighting techniques and skills prevalent in the area (Kalari) into a form of martial art. Kalaripayattu flourished between the thirteen and sixteen centuries. And it becomes a part of the education of male young people. There was a social custom in South India especially Kerala to send all young people above the age of nine to learn Kalaripayattu Styles.

How to control overweight through Ayurveda?

According Ayurveda, the overweight and underweight are signs that the vata, pitta, and kapha systems are out of balance. The ayurvedic remadies of overwieight is mainly to avoid fatty foods. If you want to loss your overweight, there are three facts (basic) that should be kept in our mind. That three factors are: Avoiding the causes of weight gain, Controlling eating habits, Regular exercise. Here we describe some food menus. These menus helps to us to increase the weight loss. Morning100Gm Lemon with honey juice.After 2 hour a cup of milk(Skimmed) and Mung Bean sports. After one hour, one glass pineapple juice. Lunch Salad of vegetables such as cucumber, carrot, Beetroot, cabbage. Boiled vegetables and Wheat Indian bread and one glass butter milk. Evening One lemon tea or Fresh wegitable soup. Dinner Grain bread and steamed vegitalbes. Other food tipsThroughout the day, sip hot water To drink ginger tea three times per day. Increase usage of fresh vegetables and fruits.To avoid in take of too much sugar and salt.Cook with masalas like tumeric, cayenne, rock salt, black pepper and ginger.

What is Kummattikali ?

Kummattikali is one of the colorful mask-dance of Northern Kerala, Indian state. The performers of Kummattikali move from house to house collecting money or small gifts as well as entertaining all people.The art form Kummattikali performed during the Onam festival.

Biography of Raja Ram Mohan Roy

Raja Ram Mohan Roy was an important reformer of Hinduism and the founder of the Brahmo Samaj . He was also the Bengali writer , journalist and fighter against social injustices. Ram Mohan Roy was born on May 22 1772 in Radhanagar , Bengal, into a Brahmin family, in a village in Bengal district of Murshidabad . He studied in Varanasi Sanskrit and English. From 1803 to 1814 he was a tax official in the British service with the East India Company and became its manager in the English literature, introduced by. After 1814 he lived on his fortune and devoted himself to the study of religious and social problems. By continually reading English newspapers, he remained in contact with the events in Europe. As an ambassador of the Mughal emperor in 1831 he made a trip to England and shortly before this with the title of Raja equipped. His mission was successful, but he died in England in 1833 of an illness. Ram Mohan Roy wrote several works in which he, the image-worship , the caste system , the child marriage , the general superstition , and the burning of widows fought. As models for India, he envisioned the liberal democracy of England and a modernized educational system. He was also the first who published a magazine in an Indian language. In his efforts towards 1829 in British India widow burning prohibited by law. When Roy in 1815, after Kolkata came, he began to take a break from the practice of pure Sanskrit schools and study only the Vedic text traditions to work for. Roy founded in 1814, the first-Atmiya Sabha, an association which met to read and discuss texts and the number of wealthy and influential men belonged to Kolkata.1828 Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo Samaj. He died at Stapleton (North east of Bristol), on 27 September, 1833. He was buried in Arnos Vale Cemetery in southern Bristol.